Benjamin Bloom Taxonomy Of Educational Objectives

Benjamin Bloom Taxonomy Of Educational Objectives

Bloom’s taxonomy is a classification of the different objectives and skills educators set for their students (learning objectives). It has a combination of three hierarchical structures used to identify educational learning goals in terms of complexity and specificity.

The three lists cover learning objectives in cognitive, affective, and sensory domains. The cognitive domain list has become the primary focus of most formal education and is also used to structure curriculum learning goals, tests, and activities.

The Benjamin Bloom Taxonomy Of Educational Objectives is a classification for learning objectives developed by Benjamin Bloom in the 1950s.  The original Benjamin Bloom taxonomy of educational objectives of 1956 is a set of six categories used to classify learning goals. They are knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.

The revised Bloom Taxonomy (2001) categorizes objectives into six categories, focusing on the cognitive domain: remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate and create.

In an attempt to give structure and order to the field of educational psychology without having any particular agenda or theory in mind, Dr. Benjamin Bloom developed this framework for categorizing the various levels of learning outcomes that students might achieve within one course or over their entire career.

Benjamin Bloom Taxonomy Domain of Learning

What are the three domains of Bloom’s taxonomy?

The domain of learning is a part of the domain theory, which Bloom introduced in his book. He divided the field of education into four domains like Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor.

The Blooms Taxonomy domain of development refers to the mental abilities that people acquire over time. These include language, memory, problem-solving, and reasoning.

The cognitive domain of learning is the ability to learn, think and remember. It includes attention, reasoning, conceptualization, etc. The cognitive domains are divided into lower and upper levels based on their functions.

Bloom’s Taxonomy comprises three learning domains:

1. Cognitive Domain of Learning
2. Affective Domain of Learning
3. Psychomotor Domain of learning

Assigns to each of these domains a hierarchy that corresponds to different levels of learning.

Cognitive Domain of Learning Examples

What are Examples of the Cognitive domain of Learning?

The cognitive domain of learning is the process in which we acquire, store, and retrieve information from our environment through our senses.

Cognitive Learning Objectives Examples

Bloom’s cognitive learning objectives are a set of academic goals that students should master in order to achieve success on assessments. Examples of the cognitive domain of learning are:

•  The ability to learn new information, like Learning how to use a new piece of technology.
• The ability to solve problems and think logically, like  Studying for an exam
• The ability to remember events or experiences. Reading a book and understanding the plot.

Bloom Affective domain of Learning

The Affective learning domain is the level of knowledge or skill that students are able to demonstrate after an instructional unit. The most successful strategies focus on teaching learners how to use their newly-acquired information and skills in a variety of contexts over time.

The affective domain of learning is that the subject can be learned quickly in a short period of time.

It could include motivations, emotions, and feelings, attitudes, interests in a particular topic or subject matter. Affective can also be simply defined as how we experience our surroundings – what makes us feel good or bad about something.

Bloom Affective domain of Learning Example

Examples of affective domains of learning include:

Language acquisition, reading comprehension, and mathematics skills.  These domains are typically taught in schools and universities around the world.

Psychomotor Domain of Learning

The Psychomotor Domain of Learning is the domain that deals with learning through the kinetic senses. It is all about physical skills and the use of your body.

The Psychomotor Domain, also known as the “Psycho-Motional” domain, is all about learning through doing. It’s not just physical skills like sports that fall under this domain; it includes how you use your body while thinking when solving problems or communicating with someone else.

It includes motor skills or skills related to carrying out physical tasks, perceptual skills, or abilities to understand space and objects in motion. We learn about these by performing them ourselves and watching others perform them as well.

Psychomotor domains are responsible for a learner’s ability to carry out physical tasks like dexterity and problem-solving. It is a domain of learning that involves the physical movement and manipulation of objects. These movements are controlled by the brain, which directs impulses through motor nerves to muscles in order to make them contract or relax.

It can also be defined as what you do with your body beyond just thinking about it, like when you’re picking up a pencil from the table instead of using your hands to think about lifting it off its spot on top of the desk. The human brain will signal motor nerves (which are all connected) to make specific muscles contract or relax in order for you to accomplish

Psychomotor Domain of Learning Examples

The psychomotor domain of learning includes activities that involve physical movement, such as running, drawing, and playing an instrument.

•  Examples of psychomotor domains include dance and sports. Psychomotor domains are often used to teach children the basics of coordination.

Original Bloom Taxonomy Levels (1956)

Bloom’s Cognitive Learning Objectives are a set of guidelines that educators can use to create instruction and assessment for students. There are six objectives: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.

The first five levels have three sub-levels each: recall (knowledge), understanding (comprehension), and the ability to apply what is learned in new contexts.

The final level is evaluation; it includes judging the quality of work or thinking.

Knowledge

Knowledge includes recalling particulars and universals, recalling procedures and processes, or recalling patterns, structures, or settings.”

Understanding

Comprehension refers to a form of comprehension or apprehension in such a way that a person understands what is being communicated and can make use of the material or concept being communicated without actually referring to other material or seeing its fullest consequences.”

Application

Application refers to the “use of abstractions in specific and concrete situations.”

Analysis

The analysis is the “breakdown of communication into its constituent elements or bits so that the relative hierarchy of ideas is made clear and/or the relationship between ideas expressed is made explicit.”

Synthesis

Synthesis means “putting together the elements and the pieces to shape the whole.”

Evaluation

Evaluation results in “judgments on the importance of materials and methods for a given function.”

Original Bloom’s Taxonomy & Revised Blooms Taxonomy

 

Original Bloom’s Taxonomy from 1956	Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy in 2001
Knowledge	Remember
Comprehension	Understand
Application	Apply
Analysis	Analyze
Synthesis	Evaluate
Evaluation	Create

Bloom’s taxonomy framework is still valid across all learning environments because it enables the creation of achievable goals that instructors/course developers and learners can both understand and then build a definitive plan to meet them.

Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy in Assessment

There are six levels of cognitive learning according to the revised version of Bloom’s Taxonomy. These levels can help develop learning outcomes because certain verbs are particularly appropriate at each level and not appropriate at other levels (though some verbs are useful at multiple levels.)

Each level is conceptually different. The six levels are remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating.

Creating

Putting elements together to form a coherent or functional whole; reorganizing elements into a new pattern or structure through generating, planning, or producing.

Evaluating

Make judgments and justification based on criteria and standards. For example; detect inconsistencies or fallacies within a process or product, determine whether a scientist’s conclusions follow from observed data, judge which of two methods is the way to solve a given problem, determine the quality of a product based on disciplinary criteria)

Analyzing

Break material into its constituent parts and determine how the parts relate to one another and/or to an overall structure or purpose for example; analyze the relationship between different flora and fauna in an ecological setting; analyze the relationship between different characters in a play; analyze the relationship between different institutions in a society.

Applying

Using information or skill in a new situation. For example, use Newton’s second law to solve an appropriate problem and carry out a multivariate statistical analysis using a previously encountered data set.

Implementing, carrying out, using, executing

Understanding

Demonstrating the comprehension through one or more forms of explanation. For example, classify a mental illness, compare ritual practices in two different religions.

Remembering

Retrieve, recall, or recognize relevant knowledge from long-term memory. For example, recall dates of important events in U.S. history and remember the bacterial cell components.

Cognitive Domain Verbs List

The following is a list of measurable action verbs that can be used while you are setting your learning goals. Keep in mind that the intention is not to use different or imaginative verbs for each goal.

That could be confusing to your students. Instead, try to find the most accurate verb related to how you measure your student’s mastery of the target.

Cognitive Domain Action Verbs List of Words

Knowledge	Understand	Apply	Analyze	Evaluate	Create
Cite Count 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Define Describe Draw Enumerate Identify Index Indicate Label List Match 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Meet Name Outline Point Quote Read Recall Recite Recognize Record 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Repeat Reproduce Review Select State	Add Approximate Articulate Associate Characterize 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Clarify Classify Compare Compute Contrast Convert Defend Describe Detail Differentiate 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Discuss Distinguish Elaborate Estimate Example Explain Express Extend Factor Generalize Give Infer Interact Interpolate 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Interpret	Acquire Adapt Allocate Alphabetize Alphabetize Amend Apply Ascertain Assign 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Attain Avoid Back Calculate Capture Change Chart Classify Complete Compute 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Concatenate Conduct Construct Consult Convey Coordinate Customize Deliver	Accept Administer Allow 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Analyze Audit Blueprint Breadboard Break down Characterize Chart Check Chunk 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Classify Compare Confirm Contrast Correlate Corroborate Delegate Detect Diagnose Diagram Differentiate Direct 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Discriminate Dissect Distinguish Document	Animate Anticipate Arbitrate Arrange Assemble Brief Budget Categorize 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Code Collect Combine Compile Compose Consolidate Construct Cope Correspond Create 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Cultivate Debug Depict Design Develop Devise Dictate Enhance Exchange Expand Explain Facilitate Forecast Format Formulate	Advise Appraise Assess Authenticate Compare Conclude Consolidate 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Contrast Counsel Criticize Critique Defend Determine Discriminate Estimate Evaluate Explain Grade 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Hire Interpret Judge Justify Measure Mediate Motivate Predict Prescribe Preserve Rank Rate Recommend Reconcile Release
Select State Study Tabulate Tally Trace 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Write	Observe Paraphrase Picture graphically Predict Review Rewrite Subtract Summarize Translate Visualize	Demonstrate 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Depreciate Derive Determine Diminish Discover Divide Draw Employ Engineer Examine Execute Exercise Expand Explore Expose Express	Explore Extract Extrapolate Figure out File Group Identify Illustrate 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Infer Interrupt Inventory Investigate Isolate Layout	Frame Generalize Generate Handle Import Improve Incorporate Integrate Interface Join Lecture Model Modify Network Organize Originate Outline	Resolve Select Summarize 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Support Test Uphold Validate Verify
		Factor Figure Graph Guide Handle Illustrate Implement Interconvert Investigate Manipulate Modify Multiple Obtain Operate Perform Personalize Plot Practice Predict Prepare 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Price Process Produce	Limit Link Manage Maximize Minimize Moderate Monitor Negotiate Optimize Order Outline Point out Prioritize Proofread Prove Query Reconcile Relate Resolve Select Separate Size up Subdivide Summarize Train Transform	Overhaul Plan 💥🎁 Christmas & Year-End Deals On Amazon ! Don't miss out on the best discounts and top-rated products available right now! 🛒 Shop Now and Save Big Today! *As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Portray Prescribe Produce Program Rearrange Reconstruct Refer Relate Reorganize Revise Rewrite Specify Summarize Teach Unify Write
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Bloom’s Taxonomy Verb List Affective Domain

Receiving	Responding	Valuing	Organization	Internalization
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Psychomotor Domain Verbs List

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Blooms Taxonomy Questions Stems

What are Bloom’s taxonomy Questions?

They are sample question stems based on old or revised Bloom’s Taxonomy—the taxonomy assists in the composition of questions on the six (6) different levels of thinking.

As teachers, we ask questions to our learners and people every day. Not all questions are on the same level. Some questions are easy to answer, where other questions may require a great deal of thinking.

Revised Bloom Taxonomy (2001) has provided us with his taxonomy to assist us in composing questions on different thinking levels.

Different Types of Questions Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy

It has six levels, each with its own characteristics:

Remembering

These questions test the students’ ability to memorize and recall terms, facts, and details without necessarily understanding the concept.
Key Words: Memorize, Define, Identify, Repeat, Recall, State, Write, List & Name

The teacher should:
• Present information about the subject to the student
• Ask questions that require the student to recall the information presented
• Provide verbal or written texts about the subject that can be answered by recalling the information the student
has learned

Example of questions

• Who?
•  Where?
• Which one?
• What?
• How?
• Why?
• How much?
• How many?
• When?
• What does it mean?
• What happened after?
• What is the best one?
• Can you name all the…?
• Who spoke to …?
• Which is true or false?

Understanding

These questions test the students’ ability to summarize and describe in their own words without necessarily relating it to anything.
Key Words: Describe, Distinguish, Explain, Interpret, Predict, Recognize & Summarize.

The teacher should:
• Ask questions that the student can answer in his/her own words by stating facts or by identifying the main idea.
• Give tests based on classroom instruction

Example of questions

• Can you write in your own words…?
• Can you write a brief outline…?
• What do you think could have happened next…?
• Who do you think…?
• What was the main idea…?
• Can you distinguish between…?
• What differences exist between…?
• Can you provide an example of what you mean…?
• Can you provide a definition for…?

Applying

Application questions encourage students to apply or transfer learning to their own life or to a context different than one in which it was learned.
Key Words: Apply, Compare, Contrast, Demonstrate, Examine, Relate, Solve & Use.

The teacher should:
• Provide opportunities for the student to use ideas, theories, or problem-solving techniques and apply them to
new situations.
•review the student’s work to ensure that he/she is using problem-solving techniques independently.
• Provide questions that require the student to define and solve problems.

Example of questions

• Do you know another instance where…?
• Could this have happened in…?
• Can you group by characteristics such as…?
• What factors would you change if…?
• Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own…?
• What questions would you ask of…?
• From the information given, can you develop a set of instructions about…?
• Would this information be useful if you had…?

Analyzing

These questions encourage students to break material into parts, describe patterns and relationships among parts, subdivide information, and show how it is put together.
Key Words: Analyze, Differentiate, Distinguish, Explain, Infer, Relate, Research & Separate.

The teacher should:
• Allow time for students to examine concepts and ideas and to break them down into basic parts.
• Require students to explain why they chose a certain problem-solving technique and why the solution worked.

Example of questions

• If … happened, what might the ending have been?
• How was this similar to…?
• What was the underlying theme of…?
• What do you see as other possible outcomes?
• Why did … changes occur?
• Can you compare your … with that presented in…?
• Can you explain what must have happened when…?
• What are some of the problems of…?
• Can you distinguish between…?
• What were some of the motives behind…?
• What was the turning point in the game?
• What was the problem with…?

Evaluating

These questions encourage students to create something new by using a combination of ideas from different sources to form a new whole.
Key Words: Arrange, Combine, Create, Design, Develop Formulate, Integrate & Organize.

The teacher should:
• Provide opportunities for students to make judgments based on appropriate criteria.
• Have students demonstrate that they can judge, critique, or interpret processes, materials, methods, etc. using
standards and criteria.

Example of questions

• Is there a better solution to…?
• Judge the value of…
• Can you defend your position about…?
• Do you think … is a good or a bad thing?
• How would you have handled…?
• What changes to … would you recommend?
• Do you believe …? Are you a … person?
• How would you feel if…?
• How effective are…?
• What do you think about…?

Creating

Evaluation questions encourage students to develop opinions and make value decisions about issues based on specific criteria.
Key Words: Assess, Critique, Determine, Evaluate, Judge, Justify, Measure & Recommend.

The teacher should:
• Provide opportunities for students to assemble parts of knowledge into a whole using creative thinking and problem-solving.
• Require students to demonstrate that they can combine concepts with building new ideas for new situations.

Example of questions

• Can you design a … to …?
• Why not compose a song about…?
• Can you see a possible solution to…?
• If you had access to all resources, how would you deal with…?
• Why don’t you devise your own way to deal with…?
• What would happen if…?
• How many ways can you…?
• Can you create new and unusual uses for…?
• Can you write a new recipe for a tasty dish?
• Can you develop a proposal which would…?

 

 

What is the Purpose of Bloom’s taxonomy?

The main purpose of Bloom’s taxonomy is to classify the cognitive level and difficulty of a task. It is classified cognitive levels in the learning process.

Why is Bloom’s Taxonomy important?

Educators and psychologists use Bloom’s taxonomy to describe levels of cognitive development. It evaluates how well learners can apply knowledge from one situation or context to another. The taxonomy also helps determine what level of education will best suit a person’s needs, all the way up to higher degrees in graduate school.

What is the Criticism of the Bloom’s Taxonomy?

Some criticism of Bloom’s Taxonomy Model include;

• The taxonomy is not a complete system for assessing learning.
• It does not provide an assessment of the process or product of learning.
• The categories are too narrow and do not account for different types of learners.
• Bloom’s Taxonomy does not provide guidance for higher-order thinking skills.
• The six categories of the taxonomy are too broad and do not provide enough specificity in instruction.
• There is no empirical evidence that shows any correlation between student achievement and the use of the taxonomy.
• The Bloom taxonomy is not a true classification system.
• It does not have a sound theoretical basis.
• There are no clear guidelines for cognitive development levels that correspond to each level in the taxonomy.
• The levels in the taxonomy do not correlate with one another well.