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Cold War; Meaning, Causes and Summary

by Biznews
in Culture
4 min read
Cold War
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Table of Contents

  • Cold War; Meaning, Causes, and Summary
    • Cold War meaning
      • RelatedPosts
      • Top Main Types of Government & Purpose of Government
      • Top 10 Smallest countries in Africa
      • Do dogs and cats have night vision? Here is the Answer
    • Weapons of war were:
    • Causes of the Cold War
    • Cold War Summary;  Factors that led to the end of the Cold War
    • Effects of the Cold War
    • Effects of The End of The Cold War on International Relations

Cold War; Meaning, Causes, and Summary

Cold War meaning

It describes the struggle /hostility between the capitalist West and the communist east i.e. The West – the USA and her allies championed the capitalist system. The East -USSR and her allies advocated communist policies

The hostility created mistrust and suspicion between the superpowers but the mutual hostility was not expressed in open fighting

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Weapons of war were:

  • Propaganda
  • Economic sanctions
  • Military assistance to the enemy/allies of the enemy
  • Financial aid to the enemy
  • The general policy of noncooperation Note: In some cases, it developed into real war e.g. in Vietnam, Korea, and Afghanistan.

Causes of the Cold War

  • Mistrust and suspicion based on ideological differences between the capitalist West and the communist Soviet bloc
  • The USA and USSR disagreed on disarmament and hence continued to stockpile weapons
  • The Iron Curtain policy adopted by the USSR sealed Eastern Europe from the West. This made international relations to deteriorate
  • Conflicts in Europe in the late 1940s, such as the civil war in Greece increased the tension between the 2 superpowers
  • The formation of military alliances by the 2 power blocs
  • The Marshall plan of 1947, initiated by the USA intensified the cold war
  • The declaration of the Truman Doctrine of 1947 by the USA threatened the spread of communism by the USSR.

Cold War Summary;  Factors that led to the end of the Cold War

Cold War
  • The adoption of the détente policy — geared to the easing of hostility between the USA and the USSR
  • Khrushchev assumed the presidency in the USSR in 1953. He favored a policy of peaceful co-existence
  • Convening of disarmament conferences e.g. in 1955 signing of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
  • 1968—the Non-proliferation Treaty was signed (to halt the spread of nuclear weapons)
  • 1972 — signing of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)
  • 1972 — signing of SALT 11
  • The collapse of communism and the establishment of the Western democracies in former Soviet-controlled areas in Eastern Europe e.g. in East Germany, Poland
  •  The accession of Mikhail Gorbachev to power in the Soviet Union in 1985. – He adopted a liberal policy, – Initiated reforms based on  glasnost’ i.e. openness and ‘Perestroika ’ i.e. economic restructure
  • Attempts by the USA to foster friendship ties with USSR
  • 1985 — the reopening of talks between USA and USSR on limitation of strategic arms
  • 1991 — Cancellation of the Warsaw pact
  • 1991 — Disintegration of the USSR into separate republics

Effects of the Cold War

  • Led to the splitting up of countries e.g. North and South Korea
  • Suspicion and mistrust between nations
  • Led to international insecurity and disruption of world peace
  • Led to the space race, spearheaded by the USSR in 1957
  • Intensified the arms race and stockpiling of weapons
  • Competition for dominance between the 2 power blocs culminated in crisis in various regions e.g. The Suez Canal crisis in Egypt, the Cuban missile crises
  • In certain areas, the 2 powers engaged in direct armed conflict e.g. In Vietnam
  • Superpower rivalry in Africa
  • Division of Germany into 2 (has now reunited).

Effects of The End of The Cold War on International Relations

  • It led to the emergence of nationalism e.g. in former states of the USSR
  • It led to the secessionist movement
  • Yugoslavia which broke up into 5 states; 1) Serbia — Montenegro 2)Bosnia- Herzegovina 3)Croatia 4)Slovenia 5)Macedonia
  • The unification of Germany created a refugee problem as Germany had to host refugees from Eastern Europe. Nations such as Poland were suspicious of a united and powerful Germany
  • Differences have emerged between the Western allies over a) Trade issues b) Provision of peacekeeping forces
  • Former communist states have suffered from economic collapse and intense poverty
  • Establishment of better weapons supervision and control of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons
Cold War

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